Drug Abuse in America Essay Example For Students

Drug Abuse in America Essay By: Gaurav E-mail: emailprotected Dangers of Anabolic Steroids In the past three decades, steroids has been becoming a serious problem more than ever in the athletic field. Steroids are anabolic drug to build growth hormones that include the androgens (male sex hormones) principally testosterone and estrogen and progestogens (female sex hormones). Steroids were first developed for medical purposes. Theyre used in controlling inflammation, strengthening weakened hearts, preventing conception, and alleviating symptoms of arthritis and asthma. Unfortunately research has shown that steroids have been abused in almost every kind of sport. Steroids are also very hard to trace because of their water base composition. They can pass through the body within two days. All these benefits of steroids help an athletes become more competitive and increase their chance of being a winner. Of course everybody wants better biceps and triceps but when using steroids to achieve this goal there is a large price to pay. However, steroids should remain illegal because they physically deteriorate the whole body system. When injected one risks the chances of developing hematoma and contracting AIDS. In women steroids contribute to the growth of facial hair, enlargements of the clitoris, shrinkage of the uterus, sterility, deepening of the voice, decrease in breast size and irregularity of the menstrual cycle. In men steroids cause shrinkage of the testicles, decrease in sperm count, sterility, impotence, prostate enlargement and growth of female breast. In both men and women hair loss, liver ailments, acne, atherosierosis and cancer are very common. This dangerous drug shortens the life span up to twenty years and increases the chance of obtaining diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. The side effects and reactions from enduring anabolic steroids are endless. Along with the physical problems there are also mental reactions associated with the usage of steroids. This drug becomes very addictive and damaging to the mind. It causes violent episodes which an athlete can claim a legal insanity defense to it. They get so wrapped up psychologically that the negative effects doesnt matter to them. Research has also discovered that steroids cause psychotic side effects sometimes referred to as roid mania. Along with these are wild aggressive, combative behavior, depression, listlessness and delusions during and after performance. Even though the game is over athletes want to continue competing. Steroids mentally destroy the brain and ability to reason. Overall the usage of steroids is very damaging to the human body. Even though it physically builds up the body for better performance the risks of use are enormous. Steroids physically deteriorate and mentally destroy the body. The usage of steroids provides an unfair advantage to non-user athletes and therefore should remain illegal for non-medical use. Social Issues Essays .

Sanctions in Cuba free essay sample

An argumentative paper about United States sanctions against Cuba, presenting both sides of the argument. This paper presents a detailed discussion about the United States sanctions against the nation of Cuba. The writer attempts to present both sides of the controversy regarding the sanctions against Cuba. The writer argues for lifting the sanctions, and then argues for maintaining them. Considerations on both sides include social concerns, military options and financial effects. For the past four decades the United States have maintained sanctions against Cuba. The economic boycott has hit a standstill while the House and the Senate argue over what should be done about the situation. Travel bans and other sanctions have come under fire recently for several reasons(Leavitt pg 07A). Small steps have been taken to try and appease those who want the sanctions lifted while not going completely against those who want it maintained. The debate has sparked heated arguments on many levels of government in both nations(Leavitt pg 07A). We will write a custom essay sample on Sanctions in Cuba or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Management Theory and Pratice of Toyota Motors

Question: Discuss about the Management Theory and Pratice of Toyota Motors. Answer: Introduction First of all, the requirement is to understand that what an ethical dilemma is. It is a situation in which company deals with some unethical issue that may or may not offer some benefits or gains to the company. This report will be discussed on the ethical issues and dilemma of Toyota Motors Corporation Australia which is known by its trading name Toyota Australia. The issue was poor safety and quality control in this organization. With the help of quality control and labor management, this organization cooped up with the ethical issues. A significance of leadership, ethics and decision making will also be discussed in regard to Toyota Australia. There are various leadership styles, and importance of the leaders in an organization will also mentioned with relevant data. A famous write said that A leader is a person who knows the way, shows the way and goes the way. Toyota Motors Corporation Australia is a world famous car manufacturer that produces, develops and sells the vehicles like Tiara, Crown, Corona, Camry, Corolla, Apollo, Nova, Avalon, Aurion, Camry hybrid, etc. Toyota Motors Corporation Australia is also famous for its Lexus vehicles in Australia. It is a multinational company that is worlds second largest automaker of vehicles. The employees of Toyota were about 316,000 in the year 2008. The employees working in Toyota are from around the world. It is calculated that this company employees number is first after Toyota motors, the general motors in which the employees are 266,000. By the end of the year 1989, Toyota motors started its manufacturing in Europe where plants were installed and some other plants in United Kingdom. The relationship between ethics, leadership and decision making There is an immense relationship between the three concepts as all of them are interconnected to each other. It is observed that the concepts of ethical behavior are applied by the leaders using effective decision making. The leaders are responsible in implementing the ethics into the organisation. They know how to manage the process of decision making through using ethics in the company. They embrace best practices that so that ethical decision can be determined at the workplace. Many business organizations face problems related to ethnicity that affects the process of decision making for the leaders. It is very relevant for leaders to understand the relevance of ethical behavior and decision making. The Toyota Company was facing many social and ethical dilemmas that are related to their quality control and human resource management. These issues must be solved as soon as possible as the company is turning towards a global platform. These issues will lead in negative reputation of the company around the world. It is observed that the technology used in the car manufacturing is commendable. Also the technology present in the cars is also very attractive. It is a multinational organization that can be assumed on the first rank in the car manufacturing but the worst fact is that this company is facing ethical dilemma that must be improved (Avolio, Yammarino, 2013). First ethical issue of Toyota motors was abuse workers First ethical issue of Toyota motors was that the workers of this company was tortured and abused. This is the reason due to which the plants of Toyota manufacturing in the Japan were famous. They were known as the worst sweat shops of the world. The operations taken place in the shops of Toyota motors were known as slavery and human trafficking. There are thousands of "Karoshi" who claimed against Toyota every year. The meaning of this term is over work to death. The suicides rates of the employees were very high as well as the employees were injured (Weaver, Agle, 2002). There was no criterion of compensation to the employees due to which Toyota motors has become a well known company of union busting. It was noticed that Toyota built their plants in the poorest states and countries so that they can take advantage of cheap labor resource around the world. The worst part was they keep the employees as a temporary worker for four years. The goals of this company were to lower down the average wages and salaries of workers. Due to this, Toyota is one of the most profits earning corporation (Dent, Higgins, Wharff, 2005). Second ethical issue of Toyota motors was environmental issue Globalization is providing huge opportunities for the company but due to the environmental issues and rules and regulations of the government, many companies are unable to take advantage from those opportunities. Companies are opening their branches in the international markets but they are facing many challenges due to the policies related to the environment. The manufacturing of motor vehicles is very high and governments of the countries are providing free trade pass due to the globalization (Gardner, Cogliser, Davis, Dickens, 2011). It directly or indirectly affects the companies like Toyota motors who are in the manufacturing of cars and vehicles and due to this many climatic changes problems are arising. It was observed that companies who are in the manufacturing of cars, releasing fumes. Toyota motor is also releasing fumes that contribute in the climatic and environmental problems. There is an invention of electric cars in the market that is a threatening situation for the car manufacturing companies including Toyota motors (Trevio, Weaver, 2003). The reality is that in future more appreciation will be received by electric cares due to fact that they are environmental friendly cars. This is the reason due to which Toyota motor is also planning to manufacture electric cars in the future to save itself from the competition (Reynolds, Olson, 2001). Third issues- Poor quality control The severe issue of Toyota motors is poor management of the quality control that results in poor quality of goods and services provided by the company. The desire of Toyota motors was too high as they want to supplant general motors which is worlds number one car manufacturing company (Sonenshein, 2007). It was observe that Toyota motors focus on the expansion of the organization by manufacturing great numbers but not on the quality and management of the company. There was an issue with the accelerators and gas pedals. This could lead the company to feel potential guilt for the criminal act also for the customers abuse. When any company gives priority to its bottom line interest instead of the safety and security of the customers in such cases the companies are declared as fraud and unethical company that must be terminated form the management and organisation (Reinartz, Krafft, Hoyer, 2004). Theories that can help the Toyota motors to correct the ethical issues in the organisation It is one of the most effective theory in which is a quality improvement theory. The aim is to focus on all the good and bad results produced by the any activity takes places in Toyota. This theory relies on the intrinsic value of the consequences. It is little different from the ethical theories as under this theory the rightness and wrongness of any activity depends on the motive of the organisation. The utilitarian theory manages the decision making process of Toyota by providing effective ways and methods (Ordonez, Schweitzer, Galinsky, Bazerman, 2009). The reputation of the company was going down due to the ethical issues. Due to this, the image of Toyota was severely affected. However, the company decided to improve the image by establishment various theories like utilitarian theory, ethical theory, etc. The president of Toyota motors, Akio Toyodo met the Prime Minister so that the company can regain the brand image and the confidence of the customers (Brokks, 2013). Toyota is now applying descriptive ethical theories and how effective decision can be made in the company to normalize the situation. Descriptive ethical theory like utilitarian theory helps in analyzing the ethical decisions made by the managers. Now, the decisions are made through comprehensive discussions on the management at the board meetings and many other meetings takes place by the decision making bodies of Toyota motors. The decision passed by Toyota motors not only affects the customers but also has a significant affects on the investors, risk like high competition, volatile, etc. (Gardner, et.al. 2010) Ethical theory or a theory of justice states that there must be freedom and equality in the organization. It is a situation in which the demand and need of the labors are fulfilled and provide them their equal rights. It is very important to keep the equity of the labor of the company to keep happy and satisfied. The Ethical theories of Toyota motors is based on a mutual trust and understanding between the labor of the company and the management (Mehri, 2006). Toyota motors have realized the value of uses of theories, ethical decision making, vision, mission, etc. in which the reflection of effective leadership present. This can be visible by application of effective styles of leadership, managerial styles, and management of the quality control and labor, etc. The view point of this theory is that a Toyota motors can do not any activity against any individual as they are the holders of moral and equal rights. The theory of ethics states that having a right refers to having a special kind of protection. There are various types of moral rights and rules for the employees working in Toyota that are applicable on all the employees. Ethical theory is constructive in nature as it claims that each individual should value the norms and follow them irrespective of any circumstances. In early time, Toyota was not able to fulfill the ethics of their employees as they were no paying right wages and salaries to their employees. There were many activities that do not come under ethical theory (Barney, 2001). There are various mutual concepts between them like if there is justice in the organization of the employees than it is a signal that there is growth and development taking place in the right direction of the company. This believes that the labor and company both share common goals that are to earn profits and revenue for the company which can ultimately benefit both the parties. The management of Toyota motors expects that the labor should remain stable in the company and give their best performance to the same. In exchange of this, Toyota provides labor a sense of justice and equality that help them to cooperate with the rules and regulation of the company. In order to have an effective practice of ethical theories, there must be good relation between the both parties (Lockett, Moon, Visser, 2006). The leader: link the theories of leadership on decision making The type of decisions making applied in Toyota motors is very unique and philosophical. They believe in short term decision making which is more effective. They also think that despite of earning more profits and sales it is also very relevant to understand the role of the employees working in the company. This is the reason due to which Toyota motors observes with the managerial skills of the employees. Afterwards, the decisions are made by using virtue theory in which the philosophy of the companies are considered as right according to the morals. This principle is than applied to all the organization covering all the major areas of the internal and external environment of the company. It also helps to monitor the competition present in the external environment. This theory helps in effective execution of work and roles so that the objective of the company can be achieved (Carrigan, Attalla, 2001). Decision making by the leaders of Toyota motors There are four basic styles of the leaders that help the companies depending on the nature of the requirement like autocratic leaders, democratic leaders, bureaucratic leader and laissez-faire or delegating leader. The type of leadership style present in Toyota motors is autocratic style of leadership. Autocratic leaders are the leaders who have a direct control on employees. The process of decision making is also done by the leaders without the interference of any employees or team member. This type of leadership style results is rigid rules and regulations with disregard of the input and outputs (Giacalone, Rosenfeld, 2013). In this style, a sole leader makes the organizational decisions that are based on his own views and ideas with no consultancy of any other member or even the management of the company. There is an immense potential in autocratic style of leadership if it is mixed with other styles of leadership like little bit of democratic and bureaucratic leadership styles. There is no scope of the effective communication in this leadership style. Neither, there is an establishment of good relations among the employees and team members. The biggest advantage of autocratic leadership style is that it provides fast results and very quick decisions no matter what would be the final outcome (Ledingham, Bruning, Ki, Kim, 2000). There are many disadvantages of autocratic leadership style that is the entire team depends on the leader and his decisions. It can be effective when the leaders are strong and competent. In such cases, the leaders have to take decisions on their own and the team worked efficiently and effectively. However, if the leader is not competent and do not have moral and ethical values than the companies have to struggle. An autocratic leader affects the ethical and moral norms of the company by imposing his own decision on other regardless of any other opinions and final outcomes (Callahan, Jennings, 2002). Structure and culture available in Toyota motors The organizational structure and culture of Toyota motors is an overall response of the hard work of employees and the managers. There are lots of challenges and issues faced by this company in the past but with the effective management this company has made a great position in the global market. It is a global leader of car manufacturing company so the culture and structure of Toyota motors is very innovative and dynamic (Waldman, Ramirez, House, Puranam, 2001). The aim is to maximize the human resource and their capabilities. It is not easy for such an international company to survive in a competition which is very tough. However, with the use of prominent policies and strategies, this company is enjoying a great position. The structure of Toyota motors shows that this company facilitates the learning of the employees by providing them training and growth programs. It also highlights the relevancy of development of appropriate support of the culture in the success of the business (Witziers, Bosker, Krger, 2003). The companys organisational and cultural structure is very much supportive towards principles, ethical issues, moral, innovation, beliefs m etc. The company believes that it is important to understand the needs and wants of the customers as well as of employees so that they can retain for longer period of time. There was a reorganization of Toyota motors taken place in the year 2013, in which this company had gone through from some corresponding changes. Before that, the company was very rigid and follows hierarchy. Now days, there is a change in the team work, quality, secrecy, etc. there are continuity in the process of improvements (Ziv, Wolpe, Small, Glick, 2006). Some decisions and activities that have done to enusre ethical decisions by the leader The leader who is ethically strong and takes decision according to the social and moral values creates a very positive impact on the organization like Toyota motors. They help to improve the culture and behavior of the organization by imposing positive decisions on the team and groups. He is the one who is capable of bringing difference in the company through his focus on what is right and what is wrong. The desire of these leaders is to serve others and make a positive difference (Dane, Pratt, 2007). There are few activities that can show how Toyota motors are successful in the process of decision making. It is not easy for the leaders and managers follow each and every ethic. However, the managers and leaders of Toyota motors face the challenges and complexities and take ethical decisions so that the company is able to survive in the social environment. It is also important to manage ethnicity on a daily basis. Managers and leaders of Toyota motors take day to day ethical decision for the organization in order to be in a competition of sustainability and ethnicity (Srivastava, Bartol, Locke, 2006). It is relevant to the leaders to win the trust and confidence of the employees and they have to keep in mind that they should not done any activity that leads negative impression and erode the trust between the team and themselves. This is the way to operate in an ethical way in the company. It is not relevant that a company who is following all the rules and regulations can be ethical and moral in nature. There are other actions and activities that must be conducted to fulfill the ethical aspects of the company. It includes sustainability, human welfare, environment, social justice, equity, etc. (Jean-Marie, Normore, Brooks, 2009) It is also vital for the leaders to not to exempt any individual from meeting the expectation of ethnicity. There must be no excuse and reasons to break the rules for the ethical aspects. Many companies appreciate the ethical activities and moments and cheer those movements. Leaders should also discuss the ethical ongoing activities so that the employees become familiar to such activities and take effective participation in the same (Carroll, 2004). Conclusion As a conclusion for this report, Toyota Motors Corporation Australia is one of the most famous cars manufacturing company of the world that is facing dilemma with the ethical issues such as quality control, environmental problems, labor issues, and many others. In order to improve all these issues Toyota must follow all effective leadership theories and styles to be in borders of sustainability. This can help in the applicability of best ethical practices and ethical terms in the organization by the leaders of the company. At last, a conclusion is made that leadership plays an important role in every company. Toyota motors also changed their leadership styles according to the ethics, sustainability and trust of the customers and the employees who are working with the Toyota motors. They have realized the value of effective leaders. This can be visible by application of effective styles of leadership, managerial styles, and management of the quality control and labor, etc. which is effectively described in this report. It is also observed that the process of effective decision making by the leaders in Toyota Motors Corporation Australia was lacking. They must use effective theories and leadership styles, etc. The leadership style of Toyota Motors Corporation Australia was not a combination of decision making and ethical behavior and also do not prioritized the ethics whether it is a big or small organization. It is very important to have a cause and effect relationship between the leaders and the employ ees that ultimately helps in the success of the organization. References Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Barney, J. B. (2001). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of management, 27(6), 643-650. Brokks, C. (2013). 7 steps to ethical leadership, [Online], Accessed on: 10 January 2017, Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5537-how-to-be-ethical-leader.html Callahan, D., Jennings, B. (2002). Ethics and public health: forging a strong relationship. American Journal of Public Health, 92(2), 169-176. Carrigan, M., Attalla, A. (2001). The myth of the ethical consumer-do ethics matter in purchase behaviour?. Journal of consumer marketing, 18(7), 560-578. Carroll, A. B. (2004). Managing ethically with global stakeholders: A present and future challenge. The Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), 114-120. Dane, E., Pratt, M. G. (2007). Exploring intuition and its role in managerial decision making. Academy of management review, 32(1), 33-54. Dent, E. B., Higgins, M. E., Wharff, D. M. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 625-653. Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., Dickens, M. P. (2011). Authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1120-1145. Gardner, W. L., Lowe, K. B., Moss, T. W., Mahoney, K. T., Cogliser, C. C. (2010). Scholarly leadership of the study of leadership: A review of The Leadership Quarterly's second decade, 20002009. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(6), 922-958. Giacalone, R. A., Rosenfeld, P. (2013). Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press. Jean-Marie, G., Normore, A. H., Brooks, J. S. (2009). Leadership for social justice: Preparing 21st century school leaders for a new social order. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 4(1), 1-31. Ledingham, J. A., Bruning, S. D., Ki, E. J., Kim, J. N. (Eds.). (2000). Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations. Routledge. Lockett, A., Moon, J., Visser, W. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in management research: Focus, nature, salience and sources of influence. Journal of management studies, 43(1), 115-136. Mehri, D. (2006). The darker side of lean: An insider's perspective on the realities of the Toyota production system. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2). Ordez, L. D., Schweitzer, M. E., Galinsky, A. D., Bazerman, M. H. (2009). Goals gone wild: The systematic side effects of overprescribing goal setting. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(1), 6-16. Reinartz, W., Krafft, M., Hoyer, W. D. (2004). The customer relationship management process: Its measurement and impact on performance. Journal of marketing research, 41(3), 293-305. Reynolds, T. J., Olson, J. C. (Eds.). (2001). Understanding consumer decision making: The means-end approach to marketing and advertising strategy. Psychology Press. Sonenshein, S. (2007). The role of construction, intuition, and justification in responding to ethical issues at work: The sensemaking-intuition model. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1022-1040. Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering leadership in management teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy, and performance. Academy of management journal, 49(6), 1239-1251. Trevio, L. K., Weaver, G. R. (2003). Managing ethics in business organizations: Social scientific perspective. Stanford University Press. Van Knippenberg, D., Hogg, M. A. (Eds.). (2004). Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations. Sage. Waldman, D. A., Ramirez, G. G., House, R. J., Puranam, P. (2001). Does leadership matter? CEO leadership attributes and profitability under conditions of perceived environmental uncertainty. Academy of management journal, 44(1), 134-143. Weaver, G. R., Agle, B. R. (2002). Religiosity and ethical behavior in organizations: A symbolic interactionist perspective. Academy of management review, 27(1), 77-97. Witziers, B., Bosker, R. J., Krger, M. L. (2003). Educational leadership and student achievement: The elusive search for an association. Educational administration quarterly, 39(3), 398-425. Ziv, A., Wolpe, P. R., Small, S. D., Glick, S. (2006). Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative. Simulation in Healthcare, 1(4), 252-256.

IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management

Risk Identification And Justification The identified disaster risk is tornado, which is defined as â€Å"a violently rotating column in contact with the ground that is usually overhanging from a parent cumulonimbus cloud† (Vinod 2011, par 7).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This disaster brings lots of impacts to the community living in the region. Though most Tornados last for only a few minutes, they have been viewed as being the most destructive meteorological disasters in the world. However, there are those Tornados which might last for several hours, and might even travel for a very long distance apart from being wide. Due to the fact that this risk is prone during storms, heavy rains and bad weather conditions particularly in the evening, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) will be affected most in ca se Tornado strikes the region. This is because of its location and weather patterns. In addition, since IUB is located within right front Quadrant, it will be affected by tornadoes and heavy rains; which might lead to life and property loss, as well as infrastructure destruction. IUB Vulnerability Due to the fact that Tornado is a natural disaster that locations around IUB need to be prepared of; there are lots of vulnerabilities in the University. There are many facilities in IUB that are being controlled by many people. For instance, in case the disaster happens and affect learning institutions like Universities in the region, the university will incur a lot of losses. For example, the university has buildings being used as classrooms, offices, dining halls, stores, and hostels among other things. In case such buildings are destroyed by Tornado, the university will have to incur lots of expenses to rebuild them. In addition, in case classrooms are destroyed, learning activities wi ll be affected much. This is because before rebuilding, learning process for students within the campus will come to a standstill first. On the other hand, if hostels are destroyed, where will boarding students spend their night? This means that the university will have to either incur other expenses of renting houses for them, or close the university till they rebuild them. Nevertheless, in case dining places are destroyed, it will be very hard for students, lecturers and university workers to have their meals. There are other buildings within the university being used as seminar and meeting rooms. Such buildings might not necessarily be used by student population, but they might be used by lecturers, administrators and even the surrounding communities. In case of destruction, what will happen to them?Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, the IUB houses other buildings which are being used as business premises, and a very large percentage of such buildings will be destroyed in case Tornado strikes the area. This will result to a halt of important services offered by this business community. Apart from this stoppage, it will also result to destruction of income sources of such individuals who drives the economy of the country. There are other buildings within IUB that might bring lots of effect to the livelihood of the community leaving in IUB, for instance, the libraries acting as source of information to all people. In addition, the university houses the supercomputing and as well as network equipment which in total costs about 50 million dollars. In case this centre is destroyed, the information technology will incur a very big loss. To protect the centre from Tornado destruction, the university has constructed an â€Å"82,700 square-foot Data Centre is designed to withstand the strongest tornadoes, as well as a host of other po tential disasters† (Indian Red Cross 2008, par 8). On the other hand, structures like roads will be destroyed, and this will lead to a halt in transport within and without IUB. There are chances that communications within and without the region will be cut down, and this will have lots of impacts on the community, government and non government agencies (Vinod 2011, par 3). In general, the university has placed several warnings concerning Tornado occurrences and ways through which people can stay safe. Risk Assessment of the Threat Though Tornados are very destructive in nature, the probability that they will strike India including IUB is very low. It is perceived that, in a year, this disaster might happen only once or twice. Most of these tornados in India have been reported during April and June, which are hot months in India (Indian Red Cross 2008, par 4). The most destructive incidences have been observed in â€Å"northeast India, northwest India, central parts of the Cou ntry and southwest Peninsula. Tornados over eastern and north-eastern parts of the country are more severe in intensity than those of other regions† (Geophys Union 2005, par 5). In 2002, Ellettsville town, which is only a few miles from IUB, experienced an F3 category tornado. This disaster occurred with winds travelling at a speed of 200 miles per hour. This led to a destruction of properties worth $ 10 million. Plan of Action for My Personal Safety My action plan for personal safety entails the following activities:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaving my home immediately the government announces evacuation program. Am always aware of security conditions around the area by listening to news and reading newspapers. I have identified exit routes and emergence telephone numbers. Always avoiding overcrowde d areas as they seem to be more insecure and dangerous. Checking and listening to news updates concerning weather condition. Checking out for special medicines as well as drugs Moving valuables to safer grounds in advance. Staying indoors part away from windows Some of the necessary resources during Tornado include money, boats, axes, food, radio/television, batteries, imperishable foods, spotlight, blankets, phone and very strong houses (Emergency.iub.edu 2011, par 8). Conclusion The occurrence of Tornado around IUB is real. This is as a result of its geographical location as well as historical events. Due to the fact that this area has learning institutions like Indiana University Bloomington and other infrastructures being used by many people from different regions as well as from IUB itself, the impact will be of great loss to the population in case the population is not well prepared. The event will not only affect economic activities, but it will also have lots of effects on peoples social life, and students’ education. However, in case the community around IUB is well educated and prepared, then this risk will be managed. Education can be conducted to ensure that people know what to do to ensure that they are safe, for instance, building windstorm resistant houses. The federal emergency management authorities should also educate people on how to inculcate disaster preparedness culture among the people of IUB. During evacuation, it is good to carry things like blankets, imperishable foods, apart from knowing exit routs and emergency phone numbers. Work Cited Indian Red Cross. Severe Local Storms and Tornadoes. 2008. Web. Vinod, Sharma. Natural Disaster Management in India. 2011. Web. Geophys Union. Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years. 2005. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Emergency.  Preparing Campuses for Protection. 2011. Web. This research paper on IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management was written and submitted by user Keith V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writing a Persuasive Essay About Exotic Pets

Writing a Persuasive Essay About Exotic PetsWhen it comes to writing persuasive essays, students always have an excellent choice when it comes to writing a persuasive essay. Depending on their grade in the last test they might need to choose between essay writing on historical topics or essay writing on environmental topics. Students may need to also choose between writing about animals and plants. What is the best type of essay to write for each topic?Well, if your last test was the TH grade sample persuasive essay, then you probably found this article before you even started writing your essay. Regardless of the subject matter, there are certain points that you should discuss in your essay. Let's examine some persuasive topics.When first-year students first start in their classes, there are some basic topics they will learn. Some of these include science, American history, and American geography. A student who knows enough about these topics will be able to write a persuasive essay on any type of topic. However, students should really think about how to use the topics to write an essay about another topic.Many first-year students enjoy discussing animals and research studies on animals and tropical plants. Sometimes the topic can lead to other, more difficult topics. Students should consider researching some of the more interesting natural world subjects and see if they can discuss them in a persuasive manner.There are also topics in which students can use animals to write an essay on. For example, if a student knows about tropical birds, they can discuss tropical birds in the TH grade persuasive essay. It's a good idea to understand a little bit about the history of the birds and what they are like. This helps students relate the birds to the environment they live in.The TH grade persuasive essay can also discuss animals and the environment. For example, a student can write about research on the effects of humans on wildlife, the effects of pollution on wild life, and the effects of humans on nature. While students can discuss all these things in class, it's important for students to get additional information from additional sources.Other research studies can show students other ways that animals have used to cope with human society, such as pandas and giraffes that live in harmony. These facts help students relate the animals to their environment and the people that surround them.In short, there are many persuasive essays out there, so it's up to students to find the one that fits them the best. They should consider learning about the subjects, finding information on them, and researching the sources they can use to help them write persuasive essays.

Importance of the Documentation with Regards to Patient Care

The move by the state agency to fine a nursing care facility due to spelling and grammatical errors made by the staff with the charting of patient care was an appropriate measure. This is so because of the critical role that documentation plays in ensuring that quality health care is administered to patients. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Documentation with Regards to Patient Care specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, the records of patients are legal documents. This means that the documents can be used in legal proceedings. Secondly, if an occurrence or observation is not charted, then it is considered not to have happened. Charting is also important in the health care industry. In this case, the basic standards of care dictate that any health practitioner should understand a chart that has been charted by another colleague. In this case, they should be able to interpret the condi tion of the patient and his/her care correctly. Another important aspect of documentation with regards to patient care is that the document is used in financial reimbursement. The document is evaluated by third parties to ascertain the viability of compensation. Another key factor to consider is the legality of patients’ records. They may be used as a basis for entering a law suit against malpractice. An expert in this case reviews the document and ascertains its quality and the appropriateness of care administered to the patient (Iyer, Levin, Shea and Ashton 16). Following the reasons highlighted above, it can be noted that the charting of patient care is very vital in health care provision. Therefore, it should be conducted in a systematic, organized, and coherent manner and should reflect the true state of the patient. Having a medical record that is accurate is the best defense that any nurse can have. Having records that are not grammatically correct or have spelling e rrors can have serious implications. Wrong documentation can endanger the life of the patient. It may lead to overdosing patients. This has been the case with a lot of diabetic patients who are often given overdoses of insulin due to wrong charting. Furthermore, the document may be misinterpreted by different people and may lead to confusion, and in case of any mishaps, the facility may be sued or the nurse responsible restricted from practicing (â€Å"Nursing Know-How: Charting Patient Care†, 4).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If I was the manager of a facility that has had problems with nurses charting wrongly, I would take precautions to ensure that charting is done correctly. In the case of nurses making spelling and grammatical errors, the nurses may be making these errors due to charting speedily. I would carry out a sensitization program where the nurses are se nsitized on the importance of taking their time to chart so as to avoid unnecessary errors. If some of the errors are due to the nurses failing to know the correct spelling or grammar to use, then the facility can organize a part time training for nurses with difficulties in grammar. This will help them improve their grammatical skills. They can also liaise with their colleagues to assist them in that area (â€Å"Nursing Know-How: Charting Patient Care†, 7). Proper documentation should be accurate and void of any vagueness. This will depict a clear picture of the patients’ condition. A good chart should include only information that is objective. This means that a nurse should write what he/she can smell, hear, feel and see among others. Charting should also be done in a legible manner where others are able to read what is written. In the case where an individual cannot read a chart done by another nurse, the individual should inquire from the person who wrote it inst ead of making assumptions that may endanger the patients’ life. Other things like ensuring the recording is done on the correct chart and charting immediately after each care is given are also important (Iyer, Levin, Shea and Ashton 18). Works Cited Iyer, Patricia W., Barbara J. Levin, Mary A. Shea, and Kathleen Ashton. Medical Legal Aspects of Medical Records. Tucson, AZ: Lawyers Judges Pub. Co, 2006. Print. Nursing Know-How: Charting Patient Care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2009. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Documentation with Regards to Patient Care specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Importance of the Documentation with Regards to Patient Care was written and submitted by user Jaydin Key to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Spinner Shark Facts (Carcharhinus brevipinna)

Spinner Shark Facts (Carcharhinus brevipinna) The spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) is a type of requiem shark. It is a live-bearing, migratory shark found in warm ocean waters. Spinner sharks get their name from their interesting feeding strategy, which involves spinning through a school of fish, snapping them up, and often leaping into the air. Fast Facts: Spinner Shark Scientific Name: Carcharhinus brevipinnaDistinguishing Features: Slender shark with long snout, black-tipped fins, and habit of spinning through water when feeding.Average Size: 2 m (6.6 ft) length; 56 kg (123 lb) weightDiet: CarnivorousLife Span: 15 to 20 yearsHabitat: Coastal waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian OceansConservation Status: Near ThreatenedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ChondrichthyesOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: CarcharhinidaeFun Fact: Spinner sharks dont eat humans, but will bite if they are excited by other food. Description The spinner shark has a long and pointed snout, slender body, and relatively small first dorsal fin. Adults have black-tipped fins that look as though they were dipped in ink. The upper body is gray or bronze, while the lower body is white. On average, adults are 2 m (6.6 ft) long and weigh 56 kg (123 lb). The largest recorded specimen was 3 m (9.8 ft) long and weighed 90 kg (200 lb). Spinner shark. Spinner sharks and blacktip sharks are commonly confused with each other. The spinner has a slightly more triangular dorsal fin that is further back on the body. An adult spinner shark also has a distinctive black tip on its anal fin. However, juveniles lack this marking and the two species share similar behaviors, so its difficult to tell them apart. Distribution Due to difficulty distinguishing between blacktip and spinner sharks, the spinners distribution is uncertain. It can be found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, with the exception of the eastern Pacific. The species prefers warm coastal water that is less than 30 m (98 ft) deep, but some subpopulations migrate into deeper water. Spinner shark distribution. Chris_huh Diet and Predators Bony fishes are the staple of the spinner sharks diet. The sharks also eat octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and stingrays. The sharks teeth are made for grabbing prey rather than cutting it. A group of spinner sharks chases a school of fish then charges it from below. A spinning shark snaps up fish whole, often carrying enough momentum to leap into the air. Blacktip sharks also employ this hunting technique, although it is less common. Humans are the spinner sharks primary predator, but spinner sharks are also eaten by larger sharks. Reproduction and Life Cycle Spinner sharks and other requiem sharks are viviparous. Mating occurs from spring to summer. The female has two uteri, which are divided into compartments for each embryo. Initially, each embryo lives off its yolk sac. The yolk sac forms a placental connection with the female, which then provides nutrients until the pups are born. Gestation lasts from 11 to 15 months. Mature females give birth to 3 to 20 pups every other year. Spinner sharks start reproducing between the ages of 12 and 14 and can live until they are 15 to 20 years old. Spinner Sharks and Humans Spinner sharks dont eat large mammals, so bites from this species are uncommon and not fatal. The fish will bite if provoked or excited during a feeding frenzy. As of 2008, a total of 16 unprovoked bites and one provoked attack were attributed to spinner sharks. The shark is valued in sport fishing for the challenge it presents as it leaps from the water. Commercial fishermen sell the fresh or salted meat for food, the fins for shark fin soup, the skin for leather, and the liver for its vitamin-rich oil. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the spinner shark as near threatened worldwide and vulnerable along the southeastern United States. The number of sharks and the population trend is unknown, mainly because spinner sharks are so often confused with other requiem sharks. Because spinner sharks live along highly populated coasts, they are subject to pollution, habitat encroachment, and habit degradation. However, overfishing poses the most significant threat. The US National Marine Fisheries Service 1999 Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish, and Sharks sets bag limits for recreational fishing and quotas for commercial fishing. While sharks of the species grow quickly, the age at which they breed approximates their maximum lifespan. Sources Burgess, G.H. 2009. Carcharhinus brevipinna. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T39368A10182758. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T39368A10182758.enCapape, C.; Hemida, F.; Seck, A.A.; Diatta, Y.; Guelorget, O. Zaouali, J. (2003). Distribution and reproductive biology of the spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller and Henle, 1841) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Israel Journal of Zoology. 49 (4): 269–286. doi:10.1560/DHHM-A68M-VKQH-CY9FCompagno, L.J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. pp. 466–468. ISBN 92-5-101384-5.Dosay-Akbulut, M. (2008). The phylogenetic relationship within the genus Carcharhinus. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 331 (7): 500–509. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.04.001Fowler, S.L.; Cavanagh, R.D.; Camhi, M.; Burgess, G.H.; Cailliet, G.M.; Fordham, S.V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A. Musick, J.A. (2005). Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras: The Sta tus of the Chondrichthyan Fishes. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. pp. 106–109, 287–288. ISBN 2-8317-0700-5.